九连墩青铜器群整理与研究的收获

董亚巍 (鄂州市博物馆)

Abstract:

   To clear up a group of bronzes in the excavation reports of a big grave, it is extremely important to collect some information as much as possible, which can provide researchers in many subjects with some materials and reference datum. The plots in the routine excavation reports are commonly protracted according to the exterior geometry shape of the wares, but not taken the casting techniques and the interior structures of the wares into account. The disadvantage of this kind of plots is that the plots match the geometry shape of the wares to all appearances, but sometimes cannot reflect the casting techniques and the interior structures of the wares.

It is an attempt to adopt the bronze casting methodology to study and clear up the casting technique of the bronzes in Jiu Lian Dun. The methodology can open out when the bronzes were made and what kind of methods they were made and reflect the casting techniques impersonality. Advanced technologies were taken to inspect the bronzes in Jiu Lian Dun and a series of datum were elicited, which realized the interdisciplinary cross and achieved the same effects with the methodology of typology, and reflected the techniques and ideologies of the warring states much more scientificly and externally.

摘要：

对一个大型墓葬出土青铜器群发掘报告的整理，应当尽可能多地采集信息公布出来，给后来者各学科提供研究及参考的资料。常规考古发掘报告中的绘图，一般是按照器物外部几何形状绘制器物图，不太考虑器物铸制技术，也就不甚考虑器物基体的内部结构，绘制出的器物图，从外观看，与器物的几何形状是相符的，但往往没有反映出器物的铸制工艺，以及青铜器的实际内部结构。

除正常的考古发掘绘图外，采用青铜范铸学的方法论，对九连墩青铜器群进行研究与整理，从范铸逻辑学角度了解了青铜器的铸制时代及铸制方法，客观反映青铜器的铸制工艺。采用现代科学技术，对九连墩青铜器群进行多种检测，得出了一系列的科学数据，实现了多学科的交叉，达到了与类型学殊途同归的考证效果，尽量多地采集各种信息，从而更加科学、客观的反应了战国社会的科学技术。

关键词：  九连墩   青铜器   范铸技术    范铸逻辑

2002年初，在湖北省枣阳市吴店镇赵湖村发掘了战国中期大型墓葬两座，出土有漆器、玉器等，还出土有青铜器x件。为考证出这批青铜器的产地、时代、铸制工艺，为尽量多地提取信息，我们与大专院校合作，采用了多学科各取所长协同研究。利用现代科学设备检测技术，将人的眼晴不能分辨或无法识别的信息，得到了科学的解释。下面，就研究、整理过程中采用的几种方法提出来作一探讨。

九连墩青铜器群给我们留下了大量的信息，但人们不一定都看得见。如九连墩墓葬的地层、青铜器的形制、青铜器的纹饰风格等，这些属于宏观的可见信息，可采用常规类型学考古的方法论对其进行研究与整理。有一些信息是微观的，如这些铜器是在什么地方铸制的？合金的化学成分是怎样的配比？还有一些信息连微观都没有，如采用了什么工艺技术铸制的？这些都属于宏观看不见的信息。采用现代科学设备，可检测出人们的眼睛无法识别的信息。采用范铸逻辑观察，可分析铜器的铸制工艺。下面，分别举例说明。